Comments:One of common Altaic verbs of emotion. The original meaning was probably something like 'languish', which would explain all the individual semantic developments.
Comments:Jpn. *na goes back to a suffixed form *ni̯āl(o)-gV ( = Kor. *nắrh); Mong. reflects a regular dissimilation *nüjile- < *nüli-le ( < *nilü-le or *nelü-le).
Comments:An interesting TM-Jpn. isogloss; cf. also Old Koguryo *naimul (see Miller 1979, 8). Jpn. *nàmá-ri < *nàpan-(r)i, with usual regressive nasalization.
Comments:EAS 111, KW 277, Владимирцов 145-146, Poppe 38, 81, Martin 243, ОСНЯ 2, 84, АПиПЯЯ 74, Лексика 73-74. The Mong. form certainly cannot have a Turkic origin (despite Щербак 1997, 123). Doerfer (TMN 4, 67) attacks the etymology desperately ("Kor. njǝrɨm... ist lautlich ausgeschlossen"; "mo. nirai 'frisch' ist semantisch unklar"; "bei ma. ńarxun fragt es sich, ob es nicht ein Lw. < Mo. ist" (but isn't Mo. "semantisch unklar"?), etc. The root has indeed some problems: Mong. and Kor. reflect rather an assimilative variant *ni̯āŕi than *ni̯āŕa; but the comparison still remains quite reliable.
Comments:Poppe 38, АПиПЯЯ 51, 286, KW 276. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss. A probable reflex in Jpn. is OJ num(j)er- 'be slippery' - with the meaning influenced by *nàmià 'slippery' (see *ni̯ùmà). The roots *ni̯ombu and *ni̯uma generally tend to influence each other.
Comments:An Eastern isogloss. It would be tempting to add also PT *jȫr- 'to untie' (see under *dòru) and perhaps also *jȫrge- 'to wrap, twist' (see ЭСТЯ 4, 234-237), but vocalism raises problems.
Comments:EAS 77. An Eastern isogloss. The vocalic structure of the TM forms is not quite clear (because of contractions), thus the PA reconstruction is not secure. Cf. perhaps Mong. ǯow 'пошла вон! (о собаке)'. See SKE 165.
Comments:EAS 77, KW 280, Владимирцов 187, 369, Poppe 39, Дыбо 317, Лексика 253. Despite Щербак 1997, 125 and Doerfer MT 77, Rozycki 164 borrowing in Mong. from Turk. and TM from Mong. is excluded. TM has a regular loss of *-d- before -r-, with subsequent vowel contraction; Jpn. also reflects a contraction: *ni̯údurgi > *nuj(u)ki- > *ni(n)ki-. It is interesting to note that all subgroups reflex the form with *-rgi; this means that Mong. nidur(a)-, nidu-či- 'to strike with the fist' may be analogical back-formations (or else the most archaic forms reflecting suffixless *ni̯údu).
